Fall Planting in St. Augustine (Zone 9b): Vegetables, Herbs & Citrus
Month-by-month coastal guide for St. Augustine gardens (Sep–Dec)
What to Plant This Fall in St. Augustine
Fall in St. Augustine is a gardener's "second spring." Our Zone 9b climate creates the perfect conditions for cool-season vegetables and ornamentals. This guide covers what to plant from September through November. Select a month below to explore the best plants for your garden and find detailed care guides for each.

Broccoli
Vegetable
Plant Sep–Oct (best) with transplants; 70–90 days to heads. Nov–Dec plantings possible with protection in Zone 9b.
Care Guide
- Planting: Start Sep–Oct; sturdy transplants perform best.
- Spacing: 12–18 inches apart for airflow in coastal humidity.
- Sunlight: Full sun, 6–8+ hours daily.
- Soil: Add compost; target pH 6.0–7.0 after soil test.
- Wind Protection: Use windbreaks on exposed sites.
Fertilizer: Espoma Garden-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Carrots
Vegetable
Direct‑sow Sep–Dec in sandy beds; thin to 2–3″; even moisture for straight roots; avoid saline exposure.
Care Guide
- Planting: Sow 1/4 in deep; keep bed uniformly moist for germination.
- Spacing: Thin to 2–3 inches; rows ~12 inches apart.
- Sunlight: 6–8 hours; tolerates light PM shade.
- Soil: Loose, stone‑free sand; adjust pH only after testing.
- Watering: Frequent light water on sands; avoid salt spray.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Kale
Vegetable
Coastal‑tough green for Sep–Dec; sweeter after light frosts; steady producer through winter.
Care Guide
- Planting: Start late Sep through Nov; use transplants for a head start.
- Spacing: 12–15 inches for airflow.
- Sunlight: Full sun (6–8+ hrs).
- Soil: Add compost; drains well on sandy sites.
- Maintenance: Harvest outer leaves regularly.
Fertilizer: Espoma Garden-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Cabbage
Vegetable
Transplant Sep–Dec; needs sun and airflow; windbreaks help on exposed coastal sites.
Care Guide
- Planting: Transplant when daytime highs trend below mid‑80s.
- Spacing: 16–20 inches between plants.
- Sunlight: 6–8+ hours; light PM shade okay.
- Wind Protection: Use windbreaks; staking usually unnecessary.
- Pest Management: Scout for caterpillars; use row cover early if needed.
Fertilizer: Espoma Tomato-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Collards
Vegetable
Forgiving green for Sep–Dec; heat and frost tolerant; steady harvest of outer leaves.
Care Guide
- Planting: Direct seed or transplant late Sep through Nov.
- Spacing: 18–24 inches for mature size.
- Sunlight: Full sun to light shade.
- Soil: Compost and mulch; sands leach nutrients.
- Harvest: Pick lower leaves at 50–70 days; continues all winter.
Fertilizer: Espoma Garden-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Lettuce
Vegetable
Best window is Sep–Oct; use heat‑tolerant/leaf types; provide afternoon shade for Nov plantings.
Care Guide
- Planting: Plant Sep–Oct; try leaf types for warmth tolerance.
- Spacing: 10–12 inches; avoid crowding.
- Sunlight: Morning sun, PM shade in warm spells.
- Soil: Rich, well‑drained; pH 6.0–7.0 after testing.
- Watering: Even moisture; drip reduces foliar disease.
Fertilizer: Espoma Garden-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Spinach
Vegetable
Cool‑loving; sow Oct–Dec; bolts in heat—use cool micro‑sites and excellent drainage.
Care Guide
- Planting: Start when nights dip below ~60°F consistently.
- Spacing: 4–6 inches apart; 15‑inch rows for airflow.
- Sunlight: Full sun to light shade in warm spells.
- Soil: Well‑drained raised beds recommended.
- Disease Prevention: Avoid overhead irrigation in humid weather.
Fertilizer: Espoma Garden-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Radishes
Vegetable
Fast 20–30 day crop; succession sow every 2–3 weeks Sep–Dec for continuous harvest.
Care Guide
- Planting: Direct‑sow frequently for steady supply.
- Spacing: Thin to ~2 inches; more for larger types.
- Sunlight: Full sun; tolerates cool temps and light frost.
- Soil: Loose sandy soil; steady moisture.
- Harvest: Pull young before roots turn woody.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Bulbing Onions
Vegetable
Short‑day sweet onions for North FL; plant Sep–Dec; harvest late spring; light monthly feeding on sandy soils.
Care Guide
- Planting: Sets Sep–Dec, 1 in deep and 4–6 in apart.
- Sunlight: Full sun essential for bulbing.
- Soil pH: Target slightly acidic to neutral after soil test.
- Fertilization: Light, regular nitrogen side‑dressings.
- Watering: Even moisture; mulch to reduce leaching.
Fertilizer: Espoma Bulb-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Green Onions (Scallions)
Vegetable
Quick bunching onions for Oct–Dec; harvest at pencil‑thick; great for tight beds and containers.
Care Guide
- Planting: Sow or set in clumps; harvest greens continuously.
- Sunlight: Full sun for best flavor.
- Drainage: Excellent drainage; raised rows in low spots.
- Harvest: Cut at pencil size; regrows for repeat harvests.
- Containers: Compact roots suit container culture.
Fertilizer: Espoma Bulb-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Shallots
Vegetable
Plant cloves Oct–Dec; ready in ~90–120 days; clusters multiply—great yield in small coastal beds.
Care Guide
- Planting: Plant bulbs tip‑up, just the tips exposed.
- Sunlight: Full sun; protect from harsh salt winds.
- Drainage: Raised beds help in high water‑table sites.
- Harvest: Lift when tops brown; cure in airy shade.
- Mulch: Mulch to buffer salts and conserve moisture.
Fertilizer: Espoma Bulb-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Strawberries
Fruit
Best planted late Sep–Oct in raised beds or containers; choose Florida Brilliance or other FL‑adapted varieties.
Care Guide
- Planting: Late Sep–Oct with disease‑resistant Florida varieties.
- Elevation: Raised beds/containers to avoid salt splash and improve drainage.
- Spacing: 12–15 inches; maximize airflow in humidity.
- Disease Prevention: Excellent drainage; consider drip irrigation.
- Protection: Cover during rare frosts; shield from salt spray.
Fertilizer: Espoma Berry-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Mexican Tarragon
Herb
Heat‑ and humidity‑loving anise‑flavored perennial; establish Sep–Oct; reliable coastal herb with minimal care.
Care Guide
- Planting: Sep–Oct; perennial in St. Augustine.
- Spacing: ~24 inches for 2–3 ft spread.
- Exposure: Full sun; protect from strongest salt spray.
- Maintenance: Drought tolerant once established.
- Harvest: Harvest leaves/flowers regularly.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Mint
Herb
Container‑only in coastal gardens; plant Oct–Nov; morning sun, PM shade; keep evenly moist.
Care Guide
- Planting: Use containers to control spread.
- Container Size: 12 in+ pots with drainage.
- Location: Morning sun, afternoon shade; protect from salt spray.
- Watering: Even moisture; pots dry fast in wind.
- Storm Care: Move to protected area during storms.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Rosemary
Herb
Mediterranean evergreen; plant Sep–Nov; thrives in sandy, well‑drained soils; drought tolerant once established.
Care Guide
- Planting: Sep–Nov; year‑round possible with drainage.
- Soil: Sharp drainage; avoid overwatering.
- Sun: Full sun; compact growth with regular pruning.
- Wind: Wind can make plants leggy—prune to shape.
- Use: Culinary and ornamental.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Fennel
Herb
Plant Nov–Dec; tall 3–4 ft plants may need wind support; host for swallowtail butterflies.
Care Guide
- Planting: Nov–Dec as temps moderate.
- Wind Support: Stake on exposed sites.
- Spacing: ~18 inches apart.
- Drainage: Well‑drained soil; avoid waterlogging.
- Wildlife: Attracts swallowtails.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Oregano
Herb
Mediterranean groundcover herb; plant Oct–Nov; sharp drainage; harvest often to stay compact in wind.
Care Guide
- Planting: Oct–Nov; perennial in well‑drained sites.
- Drainage: Critical on coastal sands.
- Growth: Spreading habit; give room.
- Harvest: Frequent trimming encourages density.
- Exposure: Full sun.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Sage
Herb
Silver‑leaf Mediterranean herb; plant Oct–Nov; prune for dense growth; needs airflow in humidity.
Care Guide
- Planting: Oct–Nov for best establishment.
- Air Circulation: Space to prevent fungal issues.
- Soil: Well‑drained, slightly alkaline sands okay.
- Pruning: Trim to avoid woodiness.
- Sun: Full sun.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Cilantro / Coriander
Herb
Cool‑season herb; sow Oct–Dec; succession plant every 2–3 weeks; harvest often to delay bolting.
Care Guide
- Planting: Sow Oct–Dec once highs ease.
- Succession: Re‑sow every 2–3 weeks through winter.
- Location: Morning sun, PM shade.
- Bolting: Pick frequently; remove flower stalks.
- Variety: Slow‑bolt types perform best.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Parsley
Herb
Cool‑season biennial grown as an annual; sow Oct–Dec; flat‑leaf types handle coastal conditions well.
Care Guide
- Planting: Sow or set out Oct–Dec; soak seed to speed germination.
- Wind Protection: Grow in a protected spot or container.
- Watering: Keep evenly moist on sandy soils.
- Variety: Flat‑leaf Italian types for best flavor and vigor.
- Containers: Easy in pots for storm mobility.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Thyme
Herb
Low, drought‑tolerant herb; plant Nov–Dec; needs sharp drainage; trim after bloom to keep dense.
Care Guide
- Planting: Nov–Dec for strong winter establishment.
- Drainage: Critical; avoid wet feet.
- Growth Habit: Low, spreading; resists wind.
- Maintenance: Light trim post‑flowering.
- Sun: Full sun.
Fertilizer: Espoma Plant-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Oranges
Fruit
Plant Oct–Nov on salt‑tolerant rootstock (e.g., Cleopatra mandarin or sour orange); site leeward; rinse leaves after salt‑spray events.
Care Guide
- Rootstock: Choose tolerant rootstock (Cleopatra mandarin, sour orange).
- Location: Leeward (landward) side of structures for wind/salt protection.
- Salt Management: Rinse foliage promptly after salt‑spray events.
- Windbreak: Use native windbreaks; mulch heavily.
- Soil: Amend planting area with organic matter; irrigate deeply.
Fertilizer: Espoma Citrus-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Grapefruit
Fruit
Lower salt tolerance than oranges; best at least a few blocks inland with strong windbreaks; plant Oct–Nov.
Care Guide
- Planting: Oct–Nov on tolerant rootstock.
- Distance: Perform best away from direct ocean exposure.
- Wind Protection: Essential due to tree size and fruit load.
- Irrigation: Deep, infrequent watering on sands.
- Spacing: ~25 ft between trees.
Fertilizer: Espoma Citrus-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Tangerines
Fruit
Compact citrus for Oct–Nov planting; handles wind better than larger citrus; choose early varieties for coastal sites.
Care Guide
- Planting: Oct–Nov on appropriate rootstock.
- Size: Smaller canopy = less wind sail.
- Varieties: Select early ripening types.
- Protection: Windbreak helpful but less critical than grapefruit.
- Containers: Dwarf types can be grown in large containers.
Fertilizer: Espoma Citrus-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Tangelos
Fruit
Citrus hybrids with variable salt response; 'Minneola' tangelo adapts well; choose tolerant rootstock and provide wind protection.
Care Guide
- Variety: 'Minneola' is a good coastal performer.
- Rootstock: Use salt‑tolerant stock where possible.
- Pollination: Cross‑pollination may improve set; consider site exposure.
- Wind: Medium trees need windbreaks.
- Harvest: Winter harvest; protect fruit from salt spray.
Fertilizer: Espoma Citrus-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest

Limes
Fruit
Great in large containers for coastal flexibility; protect from rare cold; site out of direct salt winds.
Care Guide
- Salt Exposure: Avoid direct spray; containers make relocation easy.
- Cold: Move under cover for cold snaps.
- Irrigation: Consistent moisture; excellent drainage.
- Pruning: Keep compact for container culture.
- Production: Flowers/fruit intermittently in warm spells.
Fertilizer: Espoma Citrus-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Happy Frog Potting Soil

Meyer Lemon
Fruit
Compact lemon for containers; moderate salt tolerance; more cold‑tolerant than other lemons but still frost sensitive.
Care Guide
- Container Culture: Large pot allows storm/cold protection.
- Exposure: Morning sun; shield from PM salt winds.
- Fertilization: Monthly feeding in growing season on sands.
- Pruning: Keep compact for easier protection.
- Cold: Cover or move for cold events.
Fertilizer: Espoma Citrus-tone
Potting Soil: FoxFarm Ocean Forest
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